{"id":166,"date":"2025-11-09T02:27:13","date_gmt":"2025-11-09T02:27:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lamaghrebine.com\/?p=166"},"modified":"2025-11-09T02:27:13","modified_gmt":"2025-11-09T02:27:13","slug":"republic-of-algeria-democratic-and-popular","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lamaghrebine.com\/index.php\/2025\/11\/09\/republic-of-algeria-democratic-and-popular\/","title":{"rendered":"Republic of Algeria Democratic and Popular"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">GENERAL STATISTICS AND KEY FIGURES OF ALGERIA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Everything you need to know about Algeria<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Area:<\/strong> 2,381,741\u202fkm\u00b2 \u2013 roughly four times the size of France.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The country presents itself as an immense desert landscape.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Located at the heart of the great epochs that have shaped the Mediterranean, Algeria has been a beacon of liberty, unity, and progress since the Numidian kingdom, through the Islamic conquests, and throughout colonial wars, while also forging democratic and prosperous states during its times of greatness and peace.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Turning Point: 1\u202fNovember 1954<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This date marks a pinnacle of Algerian destiny \u2013 the culmination of a long struggle against assaults on its culture, values, and the core pillars of its identity: Islam, Arab identity, and Amazigh heritage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1\u202fNovember firmly anchored the present struggles in the glorious past of the nation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">THE NORTHEASTERN REGION \u2013 LESS THAN ONE\u2011SIXTH OF THE TERRITORY<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It is composed of three parallel zones along the coast, extending from north to south:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The Tell Atlas<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A 1,000\u202fkm long and 125\u202fkm wide chain between the sea and the high plains.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It includes the Mounts of Tlemcen, the Ouarsenis, the Mounts of the Algerian Sahel, the Djurdjura Massif (home to Lalla Khadidja, its highest peak at 2,308\u202fm), and the Constantine Massif.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Interlacing Valleys and Plains<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Sig plain, the Ouled Ch\u00e9lif valley, the Mitidja plain south of Algiers, the coastal plain of Annaba drained by the Seybouse River, the high plains of S\u00e9tif and Constantine (through the Rummel River), the high plateaus \u2013 vast steppe areas with depressions such as the Chotts el\u2011Chergui and el\u2011Hodna.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Saharan Atlas<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A succession of mountains: the Ksour Massif (1,200\u202fm), Djebel Amour, the Ouled Na\u00efl Mountains (1,500\u202fm), the Aur\u00e8s, and the Ziban.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">THE DESERT \u2013 2\u202fMILLION\u202fkm\u00b2 OF VAST, DRY LAND<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dominated by dry valleys like the Ouled Saoura, the vast sand seas of the Grand Erg Occidental and the Grand Erg Oriental, plateaus such as Tadema\u00eft, Tas\u2011sili, and Tanezrouft, and mountains like the Hoggar (a volcanic massif with its peak, Tahat, at 3,010\u202fm).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CLIMATE<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Diverse climatic zones range from Mediterranean to Saharan.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>North:<\/strong> Winters are rainy and cool; summers hot and dry. The coastline\u2019s climate is moderated by the sea.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Eastern Algeria:<\/strong> Receives more rainfall than the west, averaging 2\u202fm per year, with snowy peaks from October to July.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Southern Foot of the Tell Atlas:<\/strong> Marks the boundary of an arid climate \u2013 dry and tropical \u2013 with wide temperature swings: average daytime temperatures around 36\u202f\u00b0C and nighttime lows of 5\u202f\u00b0C.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The North \u2013 A Land of Highlands<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The north is mainly Mediterranean, tempered by a continental influence due to the coastal chains acting as a barrier to maritime effects.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The further inland, the more pronounced the Mediterranean\u2013continental blend becomes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Winters are harsh; summers are hot and dry.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Precipitation is scant and irregular \u2013 scarce in summer, more frequent in winter in the Tell region, and in spring on the high plateaus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The eastern Tell and the high plains of Constantine receive abundant rainfall, while the south of the Aur\u00e8s and the Ouara high plains are comparatively drier.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The South \u2013 The Desert Dominated by the Hoggar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Annual precipitation is less than 1,500\u202fmm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Daytime temperatures soar; nighttime temperatures plunge to 0\u202f\u00b0C.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Soil aridity is extreme.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A GLOBAL GREETING FROM ALGERIA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Friends of Algeria around the world \u2013 and fellow Maghrebis \u2013 I present you a dedicated space about Algeria so that you can learn more about this nation. I wish to dedicate it to a friend who is very dear to me, someone more than just a friend. I will show you your country in my own way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">HISTORY OF ALGERIA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Year<\/th><th>Event<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>647<\/td><td>First Arab incursions and Islamisation of the Maghreb<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>720<\/td><td>Revolt in the Aur\u00e8s (Kahina uprising)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>761<\/td><td>Ibn Rostem founds the Tahert kingdom (Iadite)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>800\u2011909<\/td><td>Aghlabid Kingdom<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>911<\/td><td>The Fatimids destroy the Iadite kingdom<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>973<\/td><td>Fatimids hand power to the Sanhaja tribe (Zirid dynasty)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1152<\/td><td>Almohad Kingdom<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1509<\/td><td>Oran captured by the Spanish<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1514<\/td><td>Brothers Aroudj and Khayr\u2011eddin (Barberousse) become masters of Algiers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1518<\/td><td>Ottoman protectorate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1587<\/td><td>Transformation of Algeria into a Regency<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1830<\/td><td>Beginning of French colonisation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1839\u20111847<\/td><td>Resistance of Abd al\u2011Kader<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1870<\/td><td>Kabyle revolt against French presence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1945<\/td><td>Nationalist demonstrations in Constantine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1954<\/td><td>(1\u202fNov) FLN launches the War of Independence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1962<\/td><td>(5\u202fJuly) Independence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1962<\/td><td>(Sept.) Ahmed Ben\u202fBella elected President<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1965<\/td><td>(19\u202fJun.) Ben\u202fBella overthrown by the Revolutionary Council, led by Houari Boum\u00e9di\u00e8ne<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1971<\/td><td>(Feb.) Nationalisation of oil<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1978<\/td><td>(27\u202fDec.) Death of Houari Boum\u00e9di\u00e8ne<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1979<\/td><td>(7\u202fFeb.) Chadli Bendjedid becomes President<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1988<\/td><td>(Oct.) Popular protests (especially youth), violently repressed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1990<\/td><td>(12\u202fJun.) Municipal elections \u2013 FIS (Islamic Salvation Front) wins<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1991<\/td><td>(26\u202fDec.) First round of legislative elections \u2013 FIS poised to gain majority<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1992<\/td><td>(Jan.) President Bendjedid resigns; High State Council (HSC) established; elections suspended<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1992<\/td><td>(4\u202fMar.) FIS dissolved; conflict between the state and Islamists begins<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1992<\/td><td>(29\u202fJun.) HSC President Mohammed Boudiaf assassinated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1994<\/td><td>(31\u202fJan.) Liamine Zeroual, backed by the HSC, becomes head of state \u2013 end of HSC rule<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MONUMENTS, HISTORY, AND MOSQUES IN ALGERIA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Algeria sits at the crossroads of three worlds \u2013 Mediterranean, Islamic, and African \u2013 and is a cradle of art and civilisation. It offers a varied landscape of regions and cities, each uniquely shaped by its natural environment, history, and cultural identity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Great Mosque of Tlemcen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Located in the city centre, its architectural proportions are regular and its overall harmony striking.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Eight entrances grant access.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Occupying roughly 3,000\u202fm\u00b2, it earned its name from the vastness of its structures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Built circa 1102 by Youcef Ibnou Tachfine, founder of the Almoravid dynasty, it originally showcased austere asceticism. In 1136, Ali Ben Youcef enlarged the mosque, enhanced the primitive minaret, the mihrab, the central niche, and added a dome in front of the mihrab.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Oran \u2013 A City Rich in Historical Remains<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Flourished under the Almohads and the Zayyanids of Tlemcen.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its port shared maritime traffic with Rachgoun and Hona\u00efne.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Occupied by the Spanish for nearly three centuries (expedition led by Pedro Navarro in 1509), their influence is evident in some monuments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In 1791, a devastating earthquake (2,000 victims) and attacks by the Bey of Mascara prompted King Charles III of Spain to negotiate the surrender of Oran with the Dey of Algiers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A stroll through the old town reveals layers of Spanish, Turkish, and French influence, each telling a page of Oran\u2019s long and tumultuous history.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Highlights include:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mosque Ben\u202fOthman<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mosque of the Pasha Sidi\u202fEl\u202fHouari<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cathedral<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Synagogue<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Palace of the Bey of Oran<\/strong> \u2013 former residence of six Beys, the last being Bey Hassan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Barberousse\u2019s house<\/strong>, now a Museum of Popular Arts, and other palaces in the Casbah, reflecting the refinement of its inhabitants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Numerous other Algerian mosques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Mosque of Ketchaoua<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Casbah \u2013 a fortress\u2011like district that remained intact yet was never fully integrated into the modern city.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An Alger that existed in the 16th\u201318th centuries, not the cardboard\u2011cutout of films, but the authentic Orientalist prints, the city as seen by Charles V before being bombed, and as represented by Hadj Ahmed Bey in his Constantine palace.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The walls may have vanished, but the illusion remains strong.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Casbah\u2019s Terraces<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Casbah architecture is embodied in charming houses and picturesque villas, arranged logically and well suited to the inhabitants\u2019 habits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The essential feature is the square central patio, surrounded by four galleries, each opening onto spacious, deep rooms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These two\u2011 or three\u2011story houses are covered by terraces.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Constantine \u2013 The Old Town<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Minarets and porches with polychrome decorations denote religious buildings, most of which date to the Turkish era, except for the Djamaa el\u2011Kebir (Great Mosque), built in the 13th century.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nearby, boulevard Larbi Ben\u202fM\u2019Hidi overlooks a pedestrian bridge; an old medresa, now an office of the university, is adorned with polychrome ceramic tiles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">POPULATION<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The People of Algeria \u2013 A Historical Overview<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>At the dawn of recorded history, Algeria was inhabited by Berbers, also known as Libyans or Amazighs. Some were nomadic, others sedentary, and they possessed writing (characters similar to the current Tuareg Tifinagh), drawing, and modest, evolved burial customs (Bazina).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In its earliest state organization, Algeria was called Numidia, governed by successive Berber kings from Syfax to Juba\u202fII.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">From Phoenician Settlements to Roman Rule<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>By the 12th\u202fcentury\u202fBCE, Phoenicians had established coastal colonies, which shaped a region destined for trade and universal connections.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>After Carthage\u2019s destruction (146\u202fBCE) and Rome\u2019s victory over the Numidian kingdoms, northern Algeria became part of the Roman Empire\u2019s African provinces.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Archaeological remains\u2014military towns of Timgad and Lamba, the beautiful and gentle Djemila near S\u00e9tif, and coastal residences such as Tipaza\u2014hold a significant place in Algeria\u2019s cultural heritage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Arab Conquest and Ottoman Regency<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In the 7th\u202fcentury, Arab conquest began, leading to a definitive Islamisation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The 16th\u202fcentury saw the establishment of the Turkish Regency, bringing a maritime history enriched by legend.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Current Demographics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Population (circa 1999):<\/strong> ~30\u202fmillion inhabitants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Distribution:<\/strong> The majority live in the north along the coast.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Growth:<\/strong> Tripled between 1962 and 1999; the high fertility rate (once 3.4\u202f% per annum) fell to 1.6\u202f% by 1998.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Marriage Age:<\/strong> Now an average of 25\u202fyears for women and 30\u202fyears for men, with a significant decline in fertility rates.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Life Expectancy:<\/strong> About 70\u202fyears.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Health Coverage:<\/strong> Reasonably good, with one doctor per 1,100 inhabitants.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Households:<\/strong> Approximately 4.5\u202fmillion; over 70\u202f% of Algerians own their homes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Occupancy:<\/strong> Very high \u2013 about 7 persons per dwelling.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Housing Construction:<\/strong> Roughly 150,000 new homes commence construction annually over the past five years.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>End of Translation and Enhancement.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>GENERAL STATISTICS AND KEY FIGURES OF ALGERIA Everything you need to know about Algeria The Turning Point: 1\u202fNovember 1954 THE NORTHEASTERN REGION \u2013 LESS THAN ONE\u2011SIXTH OF THE TERRITORY It is composed of three parallel zones along the coast, extending from north to south: THE DESERT \u2013 2\u202fMILLION\u202fkm\u00b2 OF VAST, DRY LAND CLIMATE Diverse climatic [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":167,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - 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